Illustrious 18 blackjack deviations. The drills are timed and give you two cards, the dealer. Illustrious 18 blackjack deviations

 
 The drills are timed and give you two cards, the dealerIllustrious 18 blackjack deviations  Test

Those involved with casino game. Here's a cheat sheet with Schlesinger's Illustrious 18 rules: Blackjack Deviations Chart. Blackjack - HiLo Basic Strategy and Deviations. Other contributions of Don Schlesinger are the Illustrious 18 and Fab Four card counting indices. I personally feel it's a complete waste of time to memorize them and try to implement them perfectly. The top 12 plays account for more than 90%. This table is for 4 Decks, S17, DAS. 3 Do I need to register at the casino to play free slots without downloading? There is no clear answer here. Blackjack deviations . Details Directions. A8 v 6 is a double at +1 for H17, but a stay at -1 for H17. Don Schlesinger: For his permission to reprint the Illustrious 18 and Fab 4 tables from his book, Blackjack Attack. If your game allows surrender, you should also use the Fab 4. Play Here. The Sweet 16, as you may know, are a. Technically (I believe) any blackjack game is beatable with a large enough spread and bankroll, even 6 to 5. learn. (of which insurance is 30%) of all possible gain from strategy deviations and the I18 about 90%. 15 vs a. 12 v 4: Stand at 0 or higher, otherwise hit. As it turns out, I. but most of the value (like 90%) from deviations is found in the illustrious 18. . Business, Economics, and Finance. Bővebben a témáról top 40 blackjack deviations olvasd el itt. The Illustrious 18 are usually considered to have the most important deviations from basic strategy. Just out of curiosity, I plugged each of the 18 individual deviations into the CVCX 'Index Chart Viewer' on the website card-counting. Tip: there is an comprehensive section on blackjack deviations in our card counting Play DoubleDown Casino Vegas Slots with the Eco Mode enabled and your PC will utilize minimum resources in each instance. Betting deviations blackjack illustrious 18 blackjack deviations This means that the player relies on the knowing what cards have been played. If it’s a higher minimum $25-$50 sometimes closer to -T1. and finally. He took a different approach than some of his contemporaries. match. Illustrious 18 Blackjack Deviations. In practicing memorizing this, is it correct to think of the following: 12 vs. Against an Ace, surrender 15 at a true of 2 or more, if the dealer stands on A-6. If you are playing a double deck game, DHS17, DAS allowed, you SHOULD DD on a 9 vs. ConclusionTHE ILLUSTRIOUS 18 WITH SURRENDER . In looking at the Illustrious 18 chart, Player 9 vs. e. Keep going through your flash cards until you've memorized the index numbers for each. Casino Slots. The Illustrious 18 is a set of playing indices or strategy deviations that can be used to gain a mathematical advantage while playing blackjack, even against a. Illustrious 18 - blackjack deviations flashcards quizlet. The Illustrious 18 HOME Blackjack Guide The Illustrious 18 The effect of using variations to the strategy is dependent on the card counting system employed, the depth of penetration and the number of decks in play. 2: Normally, BS says to hit but, really ONLY HIT IF. Share Sort by: Best. a7 vs a. So the value of these index plays starts to decline fairly rapidly after the first 3 and. 16vT: 0. I also compared the illustrious 18 with the index's in Wong's. All these games on BitSpinCasino are also available for seamless playing on mobile devices, stake casinIn practicing memorizing this, is it correct to think of the following: 12 vs. double 9. I was wondering if ppl could suggest how many playing deviations would be sufficient to learn. The BIG 3, insurance, 16 vs 10 and 15 vs 10, account for nearly 60%. What is standard deviation in blackjack. The above study is applicable for a typical 4-deck shoe game using the Hi-Lo system. The variations of the Illustrious 18 were designed to be used with the Hi-Lo card counting method, but some claim they are effective when applied across most card counting methods. 10. But, there are other strategies, such as card counting, that you can play at the same time to cut this edge down to 0. Jan 23, 2010. (Note: The only problem with the chart I found is that it was rounded for me, I would have liked to know what the complete values the index generator computed. While free casino games do not pay out any winnings, they do offer players the chance to win bonus features like those found at real money. Reward #2: I finally figured WTH is Illustrious 18, and Google and read until I found this neat regrouping of the 18 deviations. ago. netlify. . This is a balanced system, which means that a regular 52-card deck has a total count of zero. Audio and Video Flashcards for Basic Strategy and the Illustrious 18 all available for FREE! Hey, casual and advantage play Blackjack Players! I've created audio and video "flashcards" to help you learn blackjack Basic Strategy with the. - Blackjack variations - a list of different blackjack games. CryptoI have seen references to these 2, but don't know what they are. 1M Downloads. The better you learn basic strategy the easier it will be to transition to the other rules-specific charts. face down. Dec 8, 2011 #1. Illustrious 18 blackjack deviations Illustrious 18 blackjack deviations Better yet, Bovada lets you use the NEWWELCOME promo code up to three times, so you can claim as much as $3,000. 7,8,9) in an equal number, a player would have a substantial advantage (~18%) as long as he played correct strategy. 16 v 8 is stand at +7. You are taking my admission of making a mistake during play and then asking others what kind of memorization techniques they use in another thread and construing it to a misplaced belief that I don't know or understand basic strategy. If this is. 6 betting units over the course of 400 hands. Here is what I have so far. 03. Illustrious 18 - blackjack deviations. blackjack count ilustres blackjack deviations blackjack illustrious illustrious blackjack expected returns deviations blackjack illustrious crupier inferior pedir deberías zapato blackjack ill. 3. 2nd = 16 vs. These are the 18 most advantageous deviations from basic strategy, based on the Hi-Lo count. 4) Basic strategy does not cover multi-card situations. write. This means the player should stand if the True Count is +4 or higher, otherwise hit. Thanks in advance. the Illustrious 18? Or not worth it? I’m basically at the turning point of practicing to introduce the illustrious 18, so I was just trying to check myself to avoid bad habits ahead of time, and I really appreciate your post and it help. In all cases, the trend is higher advantage at higher counts and the more indexes the higher the advantage. 28 = 45. 0; They are the same index. Index generating software is the best to find what you want. So anytime before a true 3, you will hit 12 v. I also compared the illustrious 18 with the index's in Wong's "Professional Blackjack" Table A4. Blackjack deviations chart Blackjack: finding expected values of games of chance with cards. Illustrious 18 Blackjack Deviations, One. May 25th, 2021 at 12:45:04 AM permalink. Step 4. face up blackjack. The appendix makes intuitive sense of various index plays, i. 1) most pit folks know basic strategy and if the know any index plays it is the Illustrious 18. I just finished perfecting my basic strategy, bed spread/deviations and card counting skills (I use Hi-Lo) and decided it's time to start using playing deviations. The Illustrious 18 (I-18) lists the eighteen most commonly seen deviations from Basic Strategy that should be made based on the true count with a non-neutral deck. write. It summarizes the most important hands for deviating from basic strategy (the ones that give you the most bang for your buck). ~ “Four-oh-three-fourty-five” is the deviations for 15 and 16. A guide to help you learn to play online blackjack, with a basic strategy table, information on different available game rules, and. linear algebra. Dearer 2. terms in this set (23) double 9 against 2 +1. I asked him what is the index to do that and he said "it's 4 and 5 just like splitting 10's" Can I add these to. I’d take the time to memorize the illustrious 18. You bet “properly” 100% of the time, whether you’re winning or losing. I've been a basic strategy player and counter using Hi-Lo for many years. Respectively, 95% of the time, you can expect results within two standard deviations where you will lose √400 x 2. Sets found in. I also compared the illustrious 18 with the index's in Wong's. Proximity of licensed casinos and slot machine facilities, such as the Soviet Union. Rollover: 87X Payout ONLY by Bitcoin. The top of them is the insurance bet, which you would do at a count of +3 or greater. If I understood correctly you deviate from basic strategy when true count changes. I’ve been trying for about a week and they just don’t seem to stick. . There are an equal amount of -1 and +1 cards in the deck. com) ). Griffin introduced the concept of composition-dependent strategy in the late 1970s, describing it in his now-classic book The Theory of Blackjack. The game cycles through 17 of the 18 indices (insurance at +3 is not quizzed). Member List; Forum Actions. 2. Gambling Mirror : Details. Deviations give you about a 20% increase of EV. You will have to r e g i s t e r. Basically, the Illustrious 18 presents 18. the next step is to. gravity. Jul 24, 2006. calebfirmstone. Illustrious 18 - blackjack deviations. If your game allows surrender, you should also use the Fab 4. K. Yet, part of the community's decisions are based on such deviation. Any king, queen, or jack. Ideally I would like to see a list of variations with the edge that each variation gives. The major ones for deviations are: 2 deck or shoe game, and H17 or S17. Taking insurance at T3 and standing on a 16v10 if surrender isn’t available is 40% of the deviation advantage for those two plays Alone, hope this helps! Blackjack Basic Strategy Deviations for H17 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Go. Click the card to flip 👆. ↑ 2: Flat betting means the player is restricted to only one size bet. Any assistance on this would be much appreciated. Learning more can help you fly under the radar longer if you know what you're doing. basic strategy is the first word. spell. a Dealer 2 is a +1, regardless of # of decks. I already know and understand basic strategy. Does the illustrious 18 rely on true count, running count or both? I know to take insurance on a true 3 or higher, but do the others rely on running count?. "Find the perfect fit for your birkenstock shoes with our australian Birkenstock sandals chart sizing birkenstocks narrow regular vs men fit lover charts read print. Where’s a good place I can go to learn different deviations without paying anything . Basic strategy also does not cover composition dependency; it averages the likelihood of all possible player hand compositions. For example, if a slot game payout percentage is 98. And don't get. 10 in single deck BS (but not in multi-deck BS), largely because a 6 and a 5, or a 7 and a 4, etc. In my own personal experience both in the business and speaking with counters, Hi-Lo with perfect basic strategy and learning the top 10 - 15 deviations would net you a good profit. Those deviations aren't included in "The Illustrious 18". By Battousai in forum General Blackjack Forum. A yearly win can go from 25,000 dollars to 27,500. gravity. If you want to play free slot machines on an online casino site – some casinos may ask you to register. He called these the Illustrious 18. I've used the illustrious 18 as well as Stanford Wongs charts. com › Blackjack Deviations 18. That should be your first goal as it will get you to 1-2% edge. The BIG 3, insurance, 16 vs 10 and 15 vs 10, account for nearly 60%. #1. Ava Words. 11 v A is a double at +1 in S17 but a hit at -1. Thanks for the "Illustrious 18" tip. You will have to r e g i s t e r (free) before you can post: click the r e g i s t e r link to proceed. 264 terms. ReplyA-8) deviations vs. Hit 12 vs all dealer cards except 5 and 6 when you should stand. a blackjack always consists of. Prior to his work the tendency had been to just focus on the straight principles of card counting. There’s something like 63 deviations. hello! i'am a beginner bj player from slovakia, we have enhc game normally with set of rules like. A perfect card counter still loses 40% of the time. Make sure to check out Vegas World's Tropical Treat, Jewelbox Jackpot Deluxe and Mystic Billions slots games while you're there!Start studying Full Index Blackjack Deviations. connect. If you deviate for a true count above the pivot, then the color is different at the top of the box. A8 v 6 is a double at +1 for H17, but a stay at -1 for H17. Team 18 New Member. 40% of the value, while spreading your bet provides the other 60% approx. learn. caefumusti1981. 16 vs a. C. So let's say you have a $10,000 bankroll and you're playing a H17 DAS RSA game. Információ valamiről crypto price coinbase ezen az oldalon. Illustrious 18 is nice and dandy. Thank you !Details. hit when your hand is 12-16 when the dealer has 7-ace always split. 0. Schlesinger’s mathematical background gives him the expertise needed to craft his blackjack methods. MAIL: 6130 W Flamingo Rd #421, Las Vegas NV 89103 | T: (702) 499-3280 F: (702) 362-3245 E: info@gjlv. Illustrious 18 Deviation chart inconsistent with BS? So I think I got basic strategy down 100%, I can keep the count well and am starting to study Deviations. The table below shows you all of those moves. Blackjack newsletter, store, and advice column including expert blackjack strategy, tips and current playing conditions. I totally disagree with this statement, "So, the illustrious 18 provides approx. 12 vs 6. The game cycles through 17 of the 18 indices (insurance at +3 is not quizzed). del. Everyone knows the games, so my focus is on how a casino handles the. Those deviations aren't included in "The Illustrious 18". But to me im thinking it makes more sense to go straight from basic. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. 16 vs 10 (which happens to be the most common hand if I am not mistaken), Insuring a blackjack, and splitting 10's. Multi-Hand Blackjack Poker & Pairs. Please double check me. Make sure to check out Vegas World's Tropical Treat, Jewelbox Jackpot Deluxe and Mystic Billions slots games while you're there!Illustrious 18 Blackjack Deviations - Como Saque Na Bet365; A Coreia do Sul se prepara para usar videoconferência para ajudar a reunir famílias sul-coreanas e norte-coreanas (27/02/2001) Gustitus é o presidente do Movimento Religioso Nacional Contra a Tortura. You won’t be able to apply the illustrious 18 properly if you don’t have basic strategy down and trust me, it’s a whole lot more. Though we strongly recommend that you learn the top 18-20 deviations, in this video Colin shares whic. If you play shoe. When the running count drops into a negative zone (-1, -2, -3), the. Basic strategy deviation chart Blackjack basic strategy deviation/varation. See more posts like this in r/blackjack. However, when the true count is above 3, it is statistically better to stand a 12 against a 2. - Blackjack - hilo basic strategy and deviations flashcards. Yes! Online casinos sites offer several types of bonuses, such as no deposit bonus and free spins bonus, which you can get when playing free slots. I've looked at quite a few charts, but I honestly have no idea how to read them. Blackjack Apprenticeship Illustrious 18. Dealer's 10: Surrender if can, otherwise stay on any positive Running Count (if negative Running Count, Hit) Vote. You can find more basic strategy deviations by searching for phrases like “Illustrious 18” and “Fab 4. I'm an informed but not very experienced card counter. study. You need to surrender, if your hand is 14, the dealer's upcard is 10 and your true count is +4. You can set your indexes anywhere from just a few +1 or +2 deviations to the entire range of count deviations in existence. It is so VERY minor in difference it hardly matters. So, I've been incorporating the 'Illustrious 18' deviations into my gameplay. Locked post. test. The Illustrious 18 focuses on the variations that give players the highest expected returns. dealer's 4-6 up cards. Just out of curiosity, I plugged each of the 18 individual deviations into the CVCX 'Index Chart Viewer' on the website card-counting. The green line represents data for the Illustrious 18 and Fab 4 indexes — the most valuable indexes according to Don Schlesinger. I mapped out the deviations on a template I made from the above BS card! I grouped the 18 indices as follows: - Take insurance against dealer's Ace when the TC is >= +3 (easiest to remember & understand)Go to blackjack r/blackjack • by slayersaiez. You’ll notice every card value is approximately three times stronger in Double Deck than. 1) is that of all the advantage that can be gained from the play strategy variation, 80% of that total can be realized by the first 18 (illustrious 18) alone. Joined: Dec 15, 2010. Buy CVCX for about 115$ now. Help with illustrious 18. No cover play aside from deviations that. Online Poker Gratis Geld - Online Poker Gratis Geld, Illustrious 18 Blackjack Deviations, One Of A Kind Poker Software, Planet 7 Casino Silver Oak Casino 25 Free January 13, Bill Acceptor For Slot Machines, 100 Deposit Bonus 20 Free Spins Bonus At Casino Room, Nina Ottosson Dog Casino Toy While the Illustrious 18 deviations provide plentiful pointers on how to act in any blackjack situation, the additional Fab Four modifications deliver even more useful value. A-8) deviations vs. Illustrious 18 - blackjack deviations. These 18 are the biggest bang indexes. 2: Normally, BS says to hit but, really ONLY HIT IF. is a set of playing variations, e. I think from my understanding I would do the following…. A blackjack card counter which uses the Hi-Lo system and the Illustrious 18 to tell you the deviations. 6: Normally, BS says to stand but, really ONLY STAND IF THE TRUE COUNT IS -1 OR GREATER 12 vs. The bottom line is that if you over. read By Eliot Jacobson Ph. Hello! I'am a beginner BJ player from Slovakia, we have ENHC game normally with set of rules like: s17, DAS, No surrender, Double on any 2 cards, resplit - max 4 hands (Aces as well), 1 card to resplit Aces. What are the thoughts on the profitability of those deviations vs. Fortunately, there is only one exception to basic strategy--to stand on a multi-card 16 v. Yes, using the Illustrious 18 indexes will give you nearly all the advantage that using every possible index would. Just out of curiosity, I plugged each of the 18 individual deviations into the CVCX 'Index Chart Viewer' on the website card-counting. 1) most pit folks know basic strategy and if the know any index plays it is the Illustrious 18. This online index chart is pre-set with 6 decks, S17,DAS, LS. It summarizes the most important hands for deviating from basic strategy (the ones that give you the most bang for your buck). The player can use a strategy such as the illustrious 18 to. the Illustrious 18? Should they be included in one's game as they're actually more profitable and good moves vs. All the information about blackjack you want, both for serious advantage players and for casual players. Illustrious 18. match. i googled it, looked it up in the dictionary, yet still cannot implement it into blackjack calculation. Ideally I would like to see a list of variations with the edge that each variation gives. ( Corrected video here: • "The Illustrious 18" Blackjack Strate. The illustrious 18 make up 90% of the total advantage of all deviations. I would start with the illustrious 18, but modify it to what your index generating software tells you are the correct indexes. The following tables are known as the "Illustrious 18" and "Fab 4". Your EV increases a ton without them. Blackjack Apprenticeship Illustrious 18. Insurance - always take insurance TC=> 3 16 vs A stand TC=> 3 16 vs 10 stand TC=> 0 16 vs 9 stand TC=> 5 15 vs 10. Thanks!Let us bring the thrills of Atlantic City to your doorstep with a large array of Blackjack, Roulette, Slots, Video Poker, Table Games, and Big Jackpot slots. do i just ignore the deviations that are just basic strategy for certain rules? or are these 18 deviations mainly considered for 4-8 deck games? thank you. THE ILLUSTRIOUS 18. refers to the game of 21, but also refers to a natural total of 21 on the first two cards. test. 28 = 20 x 2. He created the Illustrious 18, a set of 18 expert plays that can be used to lower the house edge even farther. 3/30/2022 22. Namely this one, the syntax is just confusing to me I suppose. calebfirmstone. Something Schlesinger is known for is variations to basic blackjack strategy. Describe the row-echelon form of an augmented matrix that corresponds to a linear system that is inconsistent. Test. 08. If someone can help me that would be great. It helps you minimize. 5 stars - 1420 reviews Illustrious 18 blackjack deviations. In this system: A's and 10's are assigned -2, cards 3-6 are +2, cards 2 & 7 are. It involves keeping track of the ratio of high cards to low cards remaining in the deck or shoe and adjusting your bets and playing decisions accordingly. A better solution is to play online blackjack with one of our recommended online casinos. I filled in this 6-Deck Blackjack table with the Illustrious 18 and the Fabulous 4 Deviations included. In addition, you can count on a personal bonus from the best online casinos, in the form of free chips. Those involved with casino game protection around the world are taught to look for these specific strategy deviations. Title. Posted by u/JohnnyHendo - 5 votes and 12 commentsThere are 18 indicies called the Illustrious 18, and they make up the vast majority of advantage gained through indicies. The Best Payout Slots in 2022. flashcards. I know of maybe 5 or 6. subscribers . It depends on the player to alter the moves based on what has been dealt on the table. Advertisement. Blackjack Deviations 18 Game; Blackjack Deviations 18; Blackjack Deviations 18 High; Illustrious 18 Blackjack. Lets say we use Hi-Lo count and we are always flat betting, but we deviate from basic strategy applying all Illustrious 18 deviations. This online index chart is pre-set with 6 decks, S17,DAS, LS. . ” (The “Fab 4” describes when you should surrender based on the count. Canadian Tooth Numbering Chart. DonPedro. us. Use S17 deviations on the basic strategy. the Illustrious 18? Should they be included in one's game as they're actually more profitable and good moves vs. By Battousai in forum General Blackjack Forum. Ugh this again. The top play variations for blackjack card counters are knowing when to take insurance and stand on 16 versus a dealer’s 10. By Chief in forum General Blackjack Forum Replies: 37 Last Post: 01-27-2016, 08:05 PM. Mark Forums ReadBusiness, Economics, and Finance. The top 12 plays account for more than 90%. Illustrious: (1) clear, conspicuous, distinguished (2) famous, eminent, outstanding. So, I've been incorporating the 'Illustrious 18' deviations into my gameplay. The Illustrious 18 indices here are as presented in Don Schlesinger's "Blackjack Attack", a must read for any Blackjack enthusiast. write. I’ve been practicing at keeping running count for a while now playing here or there. z. This is a very difficult system to remember, but is easier online with a cheat sheet. Surrender 16 v 9 and surrender 15 v T. Illustrious 18 Expected Returns. Verified answer. Release date- Paylines. Soft 18 (A,7) doubles against dealer 2 through 6, and hits against 9. Blackjack deviations h17 6 deck h17 hard hit/stand. After those three, the benefits. play perfect basic strategy plus illustrious 18 + fab 4 playerStrategy. Drug Treatment. But the trouble is that it also gives casinos’ “eye-in-the-sky” 18 unmistakable “illustrious telltale plays” for identifying a. 15 vs a. 8) Tirer (au lieu de rester) à 13 VS 2 à TC-2 et en deçà. 10 +4. . Multi-Hand Blackjack Poker & Pairs. Re: Questions sur les Ill-18. Welcome to rich and fun virtual world where you can play the wildest casino style games and WIN! Play FREE Slots, Video Poker, Multiplayer Poker, Texas Hold'em, Blackjack, and other FREE casino-style games. 38 terms. Not on CVCX or CVBJ. Illustrious 18 Blackjack Deviations; Illustrious 18 For Double Deck; Illustrious 18 Indices Often people wish to vary strategy based on the count. Let us bring the thrills of Atlantic City to your doorstep with a large array of Blackjack, Roulette, Slots, Video Poker, Table Games, and Big Jackpot slots. While basic card counting is. Only pair of 8 against upcard T has the opposite direction (going down instead of going up like all other indexes). Can you send me. Professional Blackjack by Stanford Wong, page 31, 1994 ed. if you flip a coin 100 times, your expectation. Stand on 16 v. To answer the original question: Gains from strategy deviations ('index plays') depend on the number of decks in play and on the bet spread, among other things! For a simple example, consider 6D with liberal rules (S17,DAS,RSA),75% pen, no surrender. Schlesinger explains that only a small number of the total deviation plays were efficient and profitable. double 9. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. If the dealer is required to hit A-6, surrendering 15 is a basic strategy move. Mark Forums ReadFor example, in Basic Strategy, whether you should DD with a 9 vs. Continue reading Mastering the Art of Blackjack Card Counting Deviations → Deviations give you about a 20% increase of EV. Does the illustrious 18 rely on true count, running count or both? I know to take insurance on a true 3 or higher, but do the others rely on running count? I don't really understand how to read the deviation table. When the true count is 2 or more, surrender your 15s against a dealer’s 9. There wasn't a recording of. com ­5­ Double Deck Memo • The Effect of Card Removal is far more dramatic in Double Deck Blackjack games versus Six Deck Games. If you’re playing a Hi-Lo. match. Proximity of licensed casinos and slot machine facilities, such as the Soviet Union. I noticed that the book doesn't provide numbers for all of the Illustrious 18 deviations. 500% Up To 00 + 150 Free Spins Welcome Bonus. test. 2 terms. The two most challenging tasks for a card counter are to keep a running count as the cards are dealt and to convert the running count to a true count at the start of each round. Illustrious 18. Donald Schlesinger – Pencipta Penyimpangan Blackjack 18 Terkemuka. Hi guys, I’m new to this but I was wondering on how deviations are linked to basic strategy. Edit: My next question would be, in BJFB bryce says the progression of learning the omega 2 system is, mastering basic strategy, then mastering +6 strategy, then mastering -6 strategy, then the I18, then the fab 4 and finally the rest of the playing deviations in the AOII. But, now. 9) Tirer (au lieu de rester) à 13 vs 3 à TC-3 et en deçà. My understanding is the first 2 that are the most profitable are: 1st = Insurance: take at any True Count greater than or equal to 3. But to me im thinking it makes more sense to go straight from. I have a chart with the deviations I want to use, but I'm having trouble getting the deviation numbers to stick in my mind. They increase the difficulty but also improve your bottom line.